sī Subj.
Georges, Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch:
sī, Konjunktion (sibiliert aus εἰ)
I)als Bedingungspartikel = wenn, wofern, gesetzt den Fall, dass, je nach dem Zusammenhang mit dem Indikativ oder Konjunktiv aller Tempora
1)im Allgemeinen
numquam labere, si te audiesCic.
si minus, wo nichtCic.
verbunden
quod si, und wenn nun, wenn demnach, zu Anfang eines mit dem Vorhergehenden zusammenhängenden SatzesCic. Cat. 2, 10; Rosc. com. 54und andere
si ne, si non = nisiPlaut. Lucr.
si … si non (auch ohne wiederholtes Verbum)Cic.und andere
si non … at saltem (doch wenigstens, doch sicherlich)Cic.
si … sive oder si … seuKomikers. Spengel Ter. Andr. 216; Ritschl prolegg. ad Plaut. trin. p. 84 u. 324
si … si = sive … sivePlaut. capt. 114Gell. 2, 28, 3
2)insbesondere
a)zur Angabe der Begründung und Rechtfertigung: wenn anders, wenn nämlich
delectus habetur, si hic delectus appellandusCic.
bellum vobis indictum est, magno eorum malo, qui indixere, si viri estisLiv.
b)bei Wünschen: wenn doch
si nunc se ostendat! Verg.
daher
o si! o wenn doch! Verg.Hor.
c)bei Vergleichungen: ac si, als wenn, gleich als wenn
mit KonjunktivCic.Liv.
so auch
perinde ac si, siehe per-inde
d)zur Angabe eines Zugeständnisses: wenn auch
si omnes deos hominesque celare possimusCic.Vergleiche Spengel Plaut. truc. 4, 4, 24; Fabri Sall. Iug. 85, 48
II)in abhängigen Frage- und Zweifelsätzen: falls = ob, ob wohl etwa, ob vielleicht (wie im griechisch εἰ und in besonders gemütlichen Fällen auch εάν)
visam, si domi estTer.
conati, si possent etc.Caes.
dicito, si etc.Cic.Vergleiche Brix Plaut. capt. prol. 26; Held Caes. b. c. 2, 34, 1; Fritzsche Hor. sat. 2, 5, 87
Zuweilen ist der Begriff des Versuchens in Gedanken zu ergänzenvergleiche Held Caes. b. c. 2, 34, 1
equitatum ostentare coeperunt, si ab re frumentaria Romanos excludere possent, (um zu versuchen) ob sie usw.Caes.
castra movet, si … posset etc., (um zu versuchen) ob er usw.Liv.
☞archaistisch seiCorp. inscr. Lat. 1, 33; 1, 196, 28; 14, 3572 und öfter Plaut. Men. 238 und merc. 526 cod. A und öfterLucr. 5, 38 LCatull. 39, 2 LM. und Schw.
Charlton T. Lewis, An Elementary Latin Dictionary:
sī, (old, sei), conjunction SOVO-, as a conditional particle
With indicative, in conditions assumed as true, or (with future) which will probably be fulfilled, if, when, inasmuch as, since
si vis, dabo tibi testīsCic.
si voluntas mea, si industria, si aures patent omnibusCic.
magnifica quaedam res, si modo est uliaCic.
si quisquam est facilis, hic estCic.
si aliquid dandum est voluptatiCic.
istae artes, si modo aliquid, valent ut acuent ingeniaCic.
educ tecum omnīs tuos; si minus, quam plurimosCic.
auferat omnia oblivio, si potest; si non, utrumque silentium tegatLiv.
ignosce, Caesar, si rex cessit, etc.Cic.
non, si Opimium defendisti, idcirco, etc.Cic.
aut nemo, aut si quisquam, ille sapiens fuitCic.
si Athenienses, sublato Areopago, nihil nisi populi scitis ac decretis agebant, etc.Cic.
si vis erat, si fraus, si metusCic.
si neglegentiam dices, mirabimurCic.
di persequar, si potero, subtiliusCic.
pergratum mihi feceris, si de amicitiā disputarisCic.
Especially with pluperfect, in indefinite clauses of repeated action
plausum si quis eorum aliquando acceperat, ne quid peccasset pertimescebat, wheneverCic.
si quando forte suis fortunis desperare coeperantCaes.
With subjunctive present or perfect, in conditions assumed as possible, if, even if, though
satis facere rei publicae videmur, si istius furorem vitemusCic.
si ad verba rem deflectere velimusCic.
rem facias, rem, Si possis, recte; si non, quocumque modo remHor.
innocens, si accusatus sit, absolvi potestCic.
With subjunctive imperfect or pluperfect, implying that the condition is contrary to fact, if
servi mei, si me isto pacto metuerent, domum meum relinquendam putaremCic.
quod ne fecissent profecto, si nihil ad eos pertinere arbitrarenturCic.
Si mihi, quae quondam fuerat . . . si nunc foret illa iuventusVerg.
Followed by tamen, even if, although, albeit
quas si exsequi nequirem, tamen, etc.Cic.
quae si dubia essent, tamen, etc.Sall.
si aliter accidissetCic.
si quis in caelum ascendisset, etc.Cic.
In the parenthetic phrase, si forte, perhaps, perchance
vereor, ne nihil sim tui, nisi supplosionem pedis imitatus et aliquem, si forte, motumCic.
With subjunctive (rarely indicative), in place of an infinitive, if, when, that
apud Graecos opprobrio fuit adulescentibus, si amatores non haberent (i.e. amatores non habere)Cic.
illud ignoscere aequum erit, si . . . ne tuam quidem gloriam praeponam, etc.Liv.
In dependent questions, if, whether, if perchance
ut illum quaeram, Idque adeo visam, si domistTer.
fatis incerta feror, si Iuppiter unam Esse velit urbemVerg.
primum ab iis quaesivit, si aquam hominibus . . . imposuissentLiv.
statui expectandum esse si quid certius adferreturCic.
In expressing a wish (poet. for utinam), usually with O, if only, would that, O that
o si angulus ille accedat, qui, etc.Hor.
Si nunc se nobis ille aureus arbore ramus Ostendat nemore in tanto! would thatVerg.
With a relative, to express a class vaguely or doubtfully, if there be any such, whoever they may be
mortem proponit . . . eis etiam si qui non moleste tuleruntCic.
dimissis, si qui parum idonei essentLiv.
In clauses of purpose, if, in order to, to try whether, to see if, that if possible
Minucium cum omni equitatu praemittit, si quid celeritate itineris proficere possit, to see whetherCaes.
neque ullum munus despiciens, si in Caesaris complexum venire possetCaes.
pergit ad speluncam, si forte eo vestigia ferrentLiv.
In clauses of contingency, against the case that
haud aspernatus Tullius, tamen, si vana adferantur, in aciem educit, in order to be ready, if, etc.Liv.
ille postea, si comitia sua non fierent, urbi minari, i.e. threatened an attack if, etc.Cic.
erat reo damnato, si fraus capitalis non esset, quasi poenae aestimatioCic.
quattuor legiones Cornelio, si qui ex Etruriā novi motūs nuntiarentur, relictae, to be ready, in case, etc.Liv.
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